Fig. 2: Trophoblast cell types and homology inference.
From: Cell type and cell signalling innovations underlying mammalian pregnancy
a, Expression of trophoblast marker genes. b, Histological localization of select cell type markers from a. Epi., epithelium; myom., myometrium; ery., erythrocytes. Scale bars, 100 μm. c, Network of SAMap linkages between trophoblast cells, with edge thicknesses proportional to mapping scores. Edges with scores less than 0.15 are not shown for clarity. Nodes are coloured by Leiden community. d, Expression of select ‘pan-invasive’ genes in trophoblast of all species, grouped by SAMap homology group. Phenotypic covariates (endoreduplication, invasion, fusion) are annotated below cell type labels. Invasiveness groups by community, whereas fusion and endoreduplication are widespread. e, Summary cladogram of reconstructed events in trophoblast cell type evolution. CCC, cell column; CTB, cytotrophoblast; EPT/EVT, extraplacental/extravillous trophoblast; SCT, syncytiotrophoblast; TGC, giant cell; YSC, yolk sac cell. Silhouettes from PhyloPic under a Creative Commons licence: human, NASA (PDM 1.0); tenrec, Yan Wong (CC0 1.0); guinea pig, D.S. (CC0 1.0); opossum, D.S. (CC0 1.0); macaque, Jane Whitehouse (CC0 1.0); mouse, Michael Keesey (PDM 1.0).
