Fig. 1: Assumptions on exogenous energy and non-energy demand.
From: H2 and CO2 network strategies for the European energy system
Derived from various sources41,42,43,44,45,46, the figure shows total annual energy demands for each energy source, which determine the model’s endogenous investments and operation. Endogenous processes can lead to higher total production volumes of some energy carriers; for example, the demand for methanol requires more hydrogen and carbon as secondary (energy) inputs, which are not considered here. In the model, demands are defined per region and time stamp.
