Extended Data Fig. 7: Contraction dynamics of pillar rings under active force.
From: 3D printed protein-based robotic structures actuated by molecular motor assemblies

a,b) Stiffness of materials determines the contraction dynamics of pillar rings under active force. a.) The maximal motion velocity map of the pillar rings under active force. b.) Time course of motion velocity during contraction. c-e.) Actin network density influence the contraction dynamics of pillar rings. d.) Dynamics of active force generation on the pillar rings printed with different concentration of Biotin-BSA. e.) Time course of motion velocity during contraction. Data points in b-e are shown as mean ± s.d (n = 10). All structures used in d-e were printed with laser power 35 mW and scan speed 30000 μm/s, resulting in Young’s modulus 57 kPa.