Fig. 3: Impact of disease severity on antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

a–c, Comparison for individuals with disease severity 0–3 (n = 33 individuals) or 4/5 (n = 32 individuals) for peak ID50 of neutralization (a; P < 0.0001), the time POS to reach peak ID50 (b; P = 0.674) and the time POS to detect neutralizing activity (c; P = 0.9156). ID50 measured using HIV-1-based virus particles, pseudotyped with S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. d–f, Comparison of OD values for individuals with 0–3 or 4/5 disease severity for IgG (d; P = 0.0635), IgM (e; P = 0.0003) and IgA (f; P = 0.0018) against S glycoprotein measured at peak ID50. g, Comparison of the peak ID50 value for individuals who were treated for hyperinflammation (HI; n = 14 individuals) or not treated (n = 18 individuals), and had 4/5 disease severity (P > 0.999). Statistical significance was measured using a Mann–Whitney two-sided test U-test. **P < 0.002, ***P < 0.0002, ****P < 0.0001. NS, not significant. The line represents the mean ID50 for each group.