Fig. 5: Transcriptome of the D. spatulata–A. crateriforme holobiont during digestion.
From: An acidophilic fungus promotes prey digestion in a carnivorous plant
a, Overlap of upregulated (up) or downregulated (down) DEGs during digestion and coexistence for both species compared with baseline controls (determined by DESeq2; |log2(fold change)| > 1 and adjusted P < 0.05). Percentages indicate the proportion of differentially expressed genes in the digestion phase that were also expressed in the same trend in the coexistence phase. b, Transcriptome profiling of the plant–fungus holobiont during digestion with the fungus on the right and the plant on the left. DEGs were compared whether the same trends were observed in either the digestion or the coexistence process. c, Schematic representation of the role of the DEGs involved in the holobiont digestion. d, Schematic representation of designated categories of DEGs in c when compared with transcriptome changes in the plant treated with chitin or dead fungus. Numbers in rectangles denote the number of genes. NS denotes not significant, that is, DEGs that did not exhibit expression changes in response to elicitors. Numbers in brackets denote the proportion of DEGs that were also expressed in the same trend when the plant was treated with different elicitors. e, Expression of representative fungal peptidases in a co-expression module (module 2 in Supplementary Fig. 16) showing synergistic effects when both plant and insect prey are present. Asterisks indicate significantly upregulated expression between holobiont digestion and either the digestion or the coexistence phase. tpm, transcript per million.
