Extended Data Fig. 5: Typhoid toxin disrupts the blood-brain barrier tight junctions.
From: Typhoid toxin causes neuropathology by disrupting the blood–brain barrier
Immunofluorescence images of hCMEC/D3 human brain microvascular endothelial cells cultured in a 3D in vitro system after growing in medium with or without 10 nM wild-type typhoid toxin (a) or its derivatives assembled with its CdtBH160Q (b) or PltAE133A (c) catalytic mutant subunits. Cells were stained with primary mouse antibody against Zonula occludens (ZO-1) followed by Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (green) and DAPI (blue) to stain the nuclei. The left panels show a low magnification (4 x objective) image of the entire device and the right panels an inset of a close-up area (20 x objective).
