Extended Data Fig. 7: Catalytic performance of Ru/HZSM-5(300)-Spent in HDPE upcycling at 280 °C for 24 h.

(a) Yields of volatiles/gases, liquid phase products, and insoluble hydrocarbons. (b) Selectivity among volatiles/gases and liquid phase products over fresh and spent Ru/HZSM-5(300) in HDPE upcycling at 280 °C for 24 h. (c,d) Detailed hydrocarbon selectivity of alkanes, olefins, cycloalkanes, cycloolefins, and aromatics over Ru/HZSM-5(300)-Spent in HDPE upcycling at 280 °C for 24 h. (e) Full-range GC-MS analysis of products over Ru/HZSM-5(300)-Spent in HDPE upcycling at 280 °C for 24 h.