Fig. 2: Physico-chemical and electro-analytical characterization of bio-nanoantennae and their interaction with patient-derived GBM cells.
From: Wireless electrical–molecular quantum signalling for cancer cell apoptosis
a, TEM image of bio-nanoantennae ([email protected] c@Z) prepared by coupling r.Cyt c and Z to GNP100s. The inset is a high-resolution TEM image of 100 nm bio-nanoantennae. The TEM analysis was done on three different samples of bio-nanoantennae that were synthesized over the course of three individual experiments. b, UV–visible absorption spectra of bio-nanoantennae dispersed in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) before ES. c, Zoomed-in UV–visible absorption spectra from 360 to 460 nm showing surface functionalization with r.Cyt c ([email protected] c), Z (GNP100@Z) and both r.Cyt c and Z ([email protected] c@Z). d, Cyclic voltammetry scan rate studies to analyze the redox properties of [email protected] c@Z. Redox potentials were measured using an ITO working electrode, platinum wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode with samples (25 µg mL–1) dispersed in 10 mM PBS, scanned from +1.2 V to –0.25 V. ITO, indium tin oxide. e, ICP-MS analysis to determine the association of bio-nanoantennae with different patient-derived GBM cells and cortical astrocytes; the data are expressed as the number of GNPs per cell. Results are expressed as ±s.d. of the mean obtained from a triplicate experiment and repeated three times. The data were considered significant if *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 and ***P ≤ 0.0001 versus GNP100, obtained using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post-test. NS, not significant.
