Despite the high consumption of fermented foods and beverages worldwide, their role in a healthy diet is still up for debate. Some fermented beverages have been demonstrated to protect against cardiovascular disease, but many aspects of the effects of fermented foods on cardiovascular health are uncertain. Better-designed studies are warranted.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
The association between dietary live microbes intake and PhenoAge in US non-diabetes adults and the mediating effect of insulin resistance: NHANES 2007–2018
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Open Access 17 June 2025
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
27,99 € / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
209,00 € per year
only 17,42 € per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Hemler, E. C. & Hu, F. B. Plant-based diets for personal, population, and planetary health. Adv. Nutr. 10 (Suppl. 4), S275–S283 (2019).
Marco, M. L. et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 196–208 (2021).
Li, K. J., Burton-Pimentel, K. J., Vergères, G., Feskens, E. J. M. & Brouwer-Brolsma, E. M. Fermented foods and cardiometabolic health: definitions, current evidence, and future perspectives. Front. Nutr. 9, 976020 (2022).
Şanlier, N., Gökcen, B. B. & Sezgin, A. C. Health benefits of fermented foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 59, 506–527 (2019).
Gille, D., Schmid, A., Walther, B. & Vergères, G. Fermented food and non-communicable chronic diseases: a review. Nutrients 10, 448 (2018).
De Giuseppe, R., Di Napoli, I., Granata, F., Mottolese, A. & Cena, H. Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review perspective. Nutr. Res. Rev. 32, 169–175 (2019).
Arriola, L. et al. Alcohol intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC cohort study. Heart 96, 124–130 (2010).
Morze, J. et al. Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur. J. Nutr. 59, 389–397 (2020).
Praagman, J. et al. The relationship between fermented food intake and mortality risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands cohort. Br. J. Nutr. 113, 498–506 (2015).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. INSA-UB is a Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (grant CEX2021-001234-M funded by MICIN/AEI/FEDER, UE).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Estruch, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R.M. Cardiovascular benefits of fermented foods and beverages: still up for debate. Nat Rev Cardiol 20, 789–790 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-023-00938-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-023-00938-3
This article is cited by
-
The association between dietary live microbes intake and PhenoAge in US non-diabetes adults and the mediating effect of insulin resistance: NHANES 2007–2018
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (2025)