Fig. 3: Comparison of exome-sequencing to array-based GWAS.
From: Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls
a, Single-variant associations, calculated by two-sided Firth logistic regression, from an array-based imputed GWAS of the subset (n = 34,529) of samples in the exome-sequencing analysis for which array data were available. Labels and axes as described in Fig. 1a. b, The observed liability variance explained (LVE) by the top 19 exome-sequencing gene-level associations (red) and the top 19 imputed GWAS single-variant associations (maximum of 1 per 250 kb; blue) and their ratio (black). Signals ranked by liability variance explained. c, Gene rank percentiles from exome-sequencing gene-level analysis (x axis) and a previous multi-ancestry T2D GWAS13 (y axis). Genes are from the mouse NIDD gene set (Fig. 2c).
