Extended Data Fig. 7: Morphology changes of various catalysts after AST.

a–l, Representative TEM images of commercial Pt/C catalyst (a–d), commercial Pd/C catalyst (e–h), and PdMo bimetallene/C catalyst (i–l) before (a, c, e, g, i, k) and after (b, d, f, h, j, l) 30,000 electrochemical cycles between 0.6 V and 1.0 V versus RHE, in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1.