Extended Data Fig. 10: Summary of the US–ESR dating protocol, and results for sample NDG-1038.
From: Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago
a, Left, spectra of the merged signal increasing with irradiation steps. Top right, double saturated exponential dose–response curve of NDG-1038, using the MCDoseE 2.0 program71. Bottom right, dose equivalent distribution, using the MCDoseE 2.0 program71. b, Angular response of the enamel fragment in the ESR spectrometer at various irradiation steps from left to right and top to bottom: natural, 380 s, 1,800 s and 7,200 s. c, Determination of the NOCOR percentage in the angular response after subtracting the natural signal70. d, Uranium-uptake model in both enamel (red) and dentine (black) used to calculate the US–ESR dating of NDG-1038. e, US–ESR age distribution for NDG-1038 using a previously published program72. f–h, Photographs of the three bovid molar teeth. f, NDG-1038. g, NDG-11163. h, NDG-2569. These teeth were used for the direct dating by US–ESR of the Ngandong bone bed, with indication of U-series measurement locations. Teeth were sectioned to expose the various dental tissues. Numbers in white circles correspond to the dentine, and numbers in blue circles correspond to the enamel measurements. Results for each laser spot can be found in the Supplementary Table 8.
