Extended Data Fig. 2: Although all habitats show stable species richness and species abundance across years, interannual community shifts are much more pronounced in intensive agriculture than in natural forests or diversified agriculture.
From: Intensive farming drives long-term shifts in avian community composition

a, Habitat conversion shifted the rate of community change through time. The most rapid shifts occurred in intensive agriculture sites, and the least change occurred in diversified agriculture. Between years, the average community similarity was 66% in natural forests, 73% in diversified agriculture and 58% in intensive monocultures. b, c, These shifts occur under temporally stable species richness (b) and community abundance (c), highlighting the need to quantify multiple drivers of biodiversity change. Changes in community similarity in a were quantified by comparing communities in each transect to themselves in the previous year using Bray–Curtis similarity. In b, points depict the mean Chao’s estimated species richness. In c, points represent the mean number of counts per transect for each land-cover type. In a–c, error bars depict the standard error of the mean. nspp. = 510, ntransects = 44, nyears = 18.