Extended Data Fig. 10: Cross-species patterns of gene expression within striatal interneurons.

a, Individual species-based ICA clustering of ferret (10X 3′ v.3, n = 709 interneurons), mouse (Drop-seq, n = 2,166 interneurons), marmoset (10X 3′ v.3, n = 2,707 interneurons) and human (10X 3′ v.3, n = 1,509 interneurons) striatal datasets. Shades of blue are used to represent the diverse populations of ADARB2⁺ types (non-MGE⁺ types, including subpopulations of CCK⁺ types previously identified in mice⁴²). b, Scaled expression of marker genes among the four most numerous striatal interneuron types that are conserved in all species examined (SST⁺, CHAT⁺, TH⁺ and PVALB⁺PTHLH⁺). Bars coloured according to scheme in a. The differential expression of CALB1 across species is one of the most marked examples observed of human-specific expression of a gene in a conserved cell type. c, Gene expression differences in human caudate interneurons between TAC3⁺ and PVALB⁺ (left) or TAC3⁺ and SST⁺ (right) populations. Neuropeptides (red), transcription factors (purple) and ion channels (yellow) are labelled. d, Data as in c, but instead highlighting genes that were differentially expressed in both marmoset and human (red, with gene symbols) or only in marmoset (blue).