Extended Data Fig. 1: Converted lands and their estimated original ecosystem type.

a, Percentages of converted areas in each planning unit; current croplands and pasturelands are included as potentially restorable areas. b–f, Percentages of converted lands within each original ecosystem type: forests (b), natural grasslands (c), shrublands (d), wetlands (e) and arid areas (f). Areas in darker grey in b–f represent the current extent of each ecosystem type.