Fig. 2: Gene expression divergence and evolutionary forces.
From: The molecular evolution of spermatogenesis across mammals
a, Total branch lengths of expression trees among testicular cell types for amniotes and primates. Box plots show the median (central value); upper and lower quartile (box limits) and 95% confidence intervals (whiskers) for 1,000 bootstrap replicates. b, Spearman’s correlations between humans and other species from 100 bootstrap replicates (dots). Lines correspond to linear regression trends (after log transformation of the time axis. Regression R2 values range from 0.86 to 0.97. Ma, millions of years ago. c, Mean pLI value of expressed genes in human (the pLI score reflects the tolerance of a gene to a loss-of-function mutation; lower values mean less tolerance). d, Percentage of expressed genes leading to a lethal phenotype when knocked out in mouse (out of 4,742 knockouts25). e, Mean normalized ratio of nonsynonymous (dN) over synonymous (dS) nucleotide substitutions of expressed genes in macaque. f, Percentage of expressed genes under positive selection (out of 11,170 genes tested for positive selection) in chimpanzee. g, Mean phylogenetic age of expressed genes in mouse. h, Percentage of UMIs mapping to protein-coding genes (top) or intergenic elements (bottom) in gorilla. i, Translational efficiency values (data from ref. 6) are plotted for all genes with predominant expression in a given cell type in human. j, Mean of tissue-specificity values (data from ref. 2) in opossum. k, Percentage of expressed genes associated with infertility (out of 3,552 knockouts) in mouse. c–h,j,k, Plotted is the mean value per cell. c–k, Superimposed thick black dots indicate medians from biological replicates. Box plots depict the median (centre value); upper and lower quartile (box limits) with whiskers at 1.5 times the interquartile range. Red lines separate somatic (OS, other somatic; ST, Sertoli cells) and germ cells. Data for other studied species are shown in Extended Data Fig. 3.
