Extended Data Fig. 1: Hydrogenolysis of lignins to monomers.

a, GC spectra of lignin monomers from hydrogenolysis of lignins. b, Yields of monomers resultant from hydrogenolysis of lignin samples that were extracted with different methods. MWL: Milled wood lignin; FPL: formaldehyde-protected lignin; KPL: acetone-protected lignin; DESL: deep eutectic solvent-extracted lignin; KL: kraft lignin; DL: dioxane-HCl lignin. M1: 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol; M2: 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol; M3: 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol; M4: 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol; M5: methylated propylguaiacol (2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-propylphenol); M6: methylated propylsyringol (2,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-4-propylphenol); M7: methylated propanolguaiacol [4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy-5-methylphenol]; M8: methylated propanolsyringol [4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol]; M9: 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxypropyl)phenol; M10: 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol; M11: 2,6-dimethoxyphenol.