Extended Data Fig. 3: Chronological site model of 2016-2022 material from Ranis.
From: Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago
Directly dated human remains are shown in red, and faunal bones with anthropogenic modifications are shown in green. Along the top of the figure, the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) GICC05 δ18O curve (dark blue) is shown with warmer Greenland Interstadials (GI17-5) and cooler Greenland Stadial 12 (GS12) and Heinrich Events (HE5, HE4) indicated79,80. Climatic cooling effects correlating with GS12 can also be seen in German palaeoclimate records closer to Ranis: the purple curve shows the Betula pollen (%) measured in the Füramoos pollen record from southern Germany81 and the green curve shows the Total Organic Carbon Content (TOC) in the Eifel maar sediment core in southwestern Germany82. Given the errors inherent in the 14C chronology and climate records themselves, any correlations noted here are tentative83. The model outputs are shown in Tab. S15, SI and further information is in SI section 4.2.
