Extended Data Fig. 7: Further data on in vivo optical pacing of pig heart.
From: Monolithic silicon for high spatiotemporal translational photostimulation
a, ECG grid paper illustrating the transition from normal to photostimulated ECG waveforms using 23 mW mm−2 intensity and 10-ms pulse. b, Heart-contraction events depicted as vertical displacement, synchronized with photostimulation at 120 bpm, 18 mW mm−2 and 40-ms pulse. c, Deterministic pig heart optical pacing at 120 bpm using 1-ms pulse and 25 mW mm−2 intensity. d, Comparison of photostimulated ECG waveforms with sinus rhythm, showing elongated QRS durations. Statistics was performed using a two-tailed independent-sample t-test. ****P < 0.0001. Box plots represent IQR divided by the median, with whiskers extending to 1.5 times the IQR from nine analysed waveforms. N = 9 QRS waveforms obtained from the same pig experiments were analysed. e–g, Multisite spatial modulation of pig heart tissues: horizontally on the left ventricle (e); longitudinally on the right ventricle (f); longitudinally on the left ventricle (g). All multisite modulations used 25 mW mm−2 intensity and 1-ms pulse duration. To improve the image clarity and remove sensitive content, an artificial white background was incorporated into images e–g.
