Extended Data Fig. 2: Heating during transport.

Bright-state population P↑ measured after applying the first red or blue axial sideband probe-pulse before and after a number of shuttling events. In panel a, the ion is moved along the z-axis (axial direction), while in panel b, the ion is moved along the x-axis (in-plane radial direction) - in both cases, the distance moved is approximately 30 μm. For the axial mode, the transport sequence between the initial and final locations is repeated 10 times before the temperature is probed. A single one-way transport sequence has a duration of approximately 300 μs. The temperature is then compared to the case where the ion is held at the initial position for an equivalent total waiting time; this case is labelled as ‘No Transport’ in the figure. In the case of the magnetron and cyclotron modes, the transport-sequence is repeated 4 times instead. We see no appreciable change in the ion temperature when the transport time is increased. All error bars in this figure indicate the standard error.