Extended Data Fig. 7: GONE demographic reconstruction.
From: Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
Effective population size (Ne) estimated from the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) present in a nearly contemporaneous population of 14 horses affiliated to the Sintashta culture, up to 200 generations before their existence. b) Example of local ancestry for a TURG horse genome (LR18x15_Rus_m2763), modeled with Admixfrog as a mixture of Botai and early DOM2 horses. c) Raw generation time estimates for ancient horses from the steppe, the Carpathian and Transylvanian Basins, without correcting for population structure and uneven sequencing depths (Supplementary Information). TURG* represents the group of TURG horses, after masking their genomes for tracts introgressed from Botai horses. d) Same for Botai horses, which involved more generations than past and contemporaneous horses from the region, with the exception of BORL and Przewalski’s horses (PRZW), previously inferred to descend from Botai and saved from extinction through captive management. The dates reported correspond to rounded means of the different samples present in each group.
