Fig. 3: Horse generation times.
From: Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia
a, Number of generations evolved since the MRCA of all samples, as estimated from the recombination clock (y axis) for each radiocarbon-dated horse specimen (x axis, age of the specimen; n = 483). Samples are colour-coded according to Fig. 1a. The bottom panel breaks down the number of generations evolved for modern breeds. Each box plot summarizes the estimates per breed (Supplementary Table 1), including its corresponding centre (median), box boundaries (interquartile range) and whiskers (1.5 times the interquartile range). b, Time periods associated with significant changes in horse generation times. The graph represents the slope (δtime) of a GAM regressing radiocarbon dates and number of generations evolved since the MRCA while controlling for sequencing depth and population structure. This slope is, thus, proportional to the generation time at a particular time period. The double-sided arrow reports the average generation time in the past 15,000 years (Supplementary Information). The error band represents the 95% confidence interval for the GAM regressions. c, Same as b but excluding BOTAI and BORL population groups. LGM, Last Glacial Maximum.
