Fig. 4: Virus infections and plasma antibody levels with respect to plasma viremia barcode sequencing.

a, Longitudinal plasma VL (black) and plasma ITS103.01 mAb levels (red) up to 98 days after the first challenge are overlaid with each panel for individual animals in group 3. Open black circles represent VL of less than 15 copies per millilitre. The coloured boxes under the horizontal axis numbers designate the virus barcode used at each weekly challenge, with each animal’s final challenge indicated (yellow-filled circle). Time points where plasma viremia barcode sequencing was performed are marked by coloured bars aligned to a VL data point. Colours within the bar indicate the specific virus barcodes detected, and the area of each colour is proportional to the relative abundance of the given barcode (except for abundances <1%, which are shown as squares within their bar). N/R over a data point indicates that no barcode sequence was recovered (Supplementary Table 4). b, Survival curve of days to dominant virus infection for each treatment group. All pairwise comparisons were determined by two-tailed Wilcoxon testing, and significant differences (P < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected) are indicated for each mAb treatment (by legend colour) versus control (Supplementary Tables 1–3). c, Plasma mAb levels measured at a subclinical infection, at viral blip, at the dominant virus infection and at acute viremia (VL = 1,000 copies per millilitre), for animals in group 2 or 3 where appropriate (n = 6 animals per group total). In each graph, the fold increase in the median mAb concentration relative to the ITS103.01 or ITS102.03 IC₈₀ (marked by a dotted line for reference) is indicated above the data points. Individual animal data points are coloured by treatment group. Open circles represent secondary subclinical infections or viral blips for a given animal. The overlaid boxes and middle line indicate the IQR and median, respectively, and the whiskers indicate the range (Extended Data Fig. 3).

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