Fig. 2: Modulation of Salmonella killing by stresses and nutrient supply.
From: Limited impact of Salmonella stress and persisters on antibiotic clearance
a, Salmonella survival after 1 h exposure to enrofloxacin in chemostat cultures with varying conditions. Each symbol represents an individual chemostat reactor. P values adjusted for multiple comparisons (Holm–Šídák) (two-tailed t-test on log-transformed data for pH; ANOVA on log-transformed data for glucose and osmolarity). BIC, bicarbonate; CS, combined stresses; MHB, Mueller–Hinton broth; Std, standard tissue-mimicking conditions. b, Survival of Salmonella in mice (squares, geometric mean ± geometric s.d.; enrofloxacin: Slc11a1s/WT, n = 10; Slc11a1s/hipAD88N, n = 4; Slc11a1r/WT, n = 8; ceftriaxone, n = 6), or in chemostats in tissue-mimicking medium (geometric mean ± geometric s.d.; enrofloxacin for division rates 0.083 h−1, 0.17 h−1 and 0.33 h−1, n = 10; ceftriaxone, n = 4), Mueller–Hinton broth (enrofloxacin or ceftriaxone for division rates 0.083 h−1, 0.17 h−1 and 0.33 h−1, n = 5) or in individual batch cultures (enrofloxacin: tissue-mimicking medium, n = 3; Mueller–Hinton broth, n = 5; ceftriaxone: tissue-mimicking medium and Mueller–Hinton broth, n = 3). One-way ANOVA with test for linear trend for log-transformed data for tissue-mimicking medium or Mueller–Hinton broth cultures. c, Relationship between exposure time to ceftriaxone to number of generations and Salmonella survival for different proliferation rates and exposure times (geometric mean and geometric s.d.; upward triangles, division rate 0.17 h−1 and exposure for 1 h (n = 4), 2 h (n = 4) or 4 h (n = 9); downward triangles, 4 h exposure and division rates 0.08 (n = 5) or 0.33 h−1 (n = 5)). The dashed line represents a monoexponential fit and the shaded area shows the 95% confidence interval.
