Extended Data Fig. 4: Validation of PV⁺ inhibitory neurons on ultrasound perception in mouse ACx.

(a) Dot plot showing the expression patterns of PVALB, VIPR2, PDE3A and SYT2 in bat inhibitory neurons. Dot size and color represent the percentage of marker gene expression (Perc. Expr.) and average expression level (Aver. Expr.), respectively. (b) UMAP visualization (left) of all cell types of mouse ACx based on a previous study and violin plots of Syt2 and Pde3a expression patterns in all cell types (right). Gluta: glutamatergic neuron; Astro, astrocyte; Endo, endothelial cell; Micro-PVM: microglia-perivascular macrophage; Olig, oligodendrocyte; SMC-Peri: smooth muscle cell-pericyte; VLMC: vascular/leptomeningeal cell. (c) Gene ontology (GO) categories enriched in PS⁺ (top) or PP⁺ (bottom) neuron-specific DEGs. One-sided hypergeometric test ‘p-value’ was used and then adjusted for multiple comparisons. (d) Predicted cross-species cluster similarities of PS⁺ and PP⁺ inhibitory neurons between bat and mouse. (e) Heatmap of DEGs in PS⁺ and PP⁺ inhibitory neurons in bat and mouse. (f) Heatmaps of GCaMP signals in representative individual mice when exposed to 16 kHz or 63 kHz cue. Heatmaps are sorted by the ΔF/F (%). Color scale indicates ΔF/F (%).