Extended Data Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the meta-analysis-based fine-mapping method, single-population combining method, and SuSiEx.

All panels were created following the LocusZoom style. Variant positions are shown on the x-axis. The gold diamond for each locus represents the lead (most associated) variant. The association strengths for other variants are colored by descending degrees of linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the lead variant (ordered red, orange, green, and blue dots). The purple bars represent the posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) inferred by fine-mapping methods. The light gray boxes represent the credible sets estimated by fine-mapping. a, Example of a strong causal signal shared across populations. b, Example of a weak causal signal shared across populations. c, Example of a population-specific causal signal.