Fig. 6: Silencing of SobAS1 in S. officinalis hairy roots.
a,b, Photographs showing hairy root induction from leaves of S. officinalis plantlets (a) and 4-week-old hairy roots maintained in liquid medium (b). c,d, Images of transformed hairy roots expressing DsRed fluorescence: empty vector (EV) control (c) and representative SobAS1-RNAi (RNA interference) line (d; left, monochromatic light; right, red fluorescence). Scale bars, 1,000 μm. This experiment was performed independently three times with similar results. e, LC–MS analysis of S. officinalis hairy root extracts from SobAS1-RNAi lines (Sil-L1, Sil-L2 and Sil-L3) and EV control. The bar graphs show the relative amounts of QA (4) and SpB (13) in the different lines. Compounds were identified by comparison with commercial or authentic standards. Relative abundance was calculated using the internal standard digitoxin. Each bar represents the mean of three biological samples and error bars indicate the s.e.m. A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to analyze significance (exact P values are shown). The expression levels of SobAS1 in SobAS1-RNAi lines are shown in Supplementary Fig. 75.
