Fig. 1: Conceptual comparison between widely available tracking frameworks and BNP-Track.

a,e, Four frames from a dataset showing two emitters. b, Existing tracking approaches either completely or partially separate the task of first identifying and then localizing light emitters in the FOV of each frame independently. c, Conventional approaches then link emitter positions across frames. d, Our nonparametric approach (BNP-Track) simultaneously determines the number of emitters, localizes them and links their positions across frames. In b–d, circles denote correctly identified emitters, and crosses (×) denote missed emitters. In c and d, the scale bars indicate a distance equal to the nominal diffraction limit given by the Rayleigh diffraction limit of 0.61λ/NA.