Supplementary Figure 5: Rates of constrained rare synonymous variants, considering ASD cases (n = 2,430) and ADHD cases (n = 2,360) with only a single diagnosis.

a) Rates in all constrained (pLI ≥ 0.9) genes; b) rates in the 212 constrained genes with a published rare de novo PTV in ASD (‘ASD de novo genes’)14. ‘Single’ diagnosis refers to ASD and ADHD cases without comorbid ASD+ADHD or intellectual disability, and without diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, affective disorder, or anorexia. Error bars are Poisson standard error. In the accompanying box, OR and p values are for comparison to controls (n = 5,002) by logistic regression. OR = odds ratio. Range = OR +/- standard error. ‘Rare’ as described in the main text.