Extended Data Fig. 6: Comparison to adult transcriptomic profiles annotated by layer reveals modules linked to layer-specific cell fates.

Our module activity metric enables the assessment of meta-module expression in a transcriptomic atlas of the adult human cortex, that included layer-dissected and sequenced cell types. a) UMAPs show the cortical layers, cell types and subtypes represented in this single-nuclei dataset comprising of 49,495 nuclei spans the middle temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and primary sensory cortices (visual, motor, somatosensory, and auditory). b) UMAPs showing the layer- and cell type-specific activities of modules 189, 94, 134, and 144 in the adult human cortex. Modules 189, 94, and 134 is highest among glutamatergic neuronal subtypes, consistent with their activity among excitatory neuronal subtypes in our developing meta-atlas. These modules also display the greatest activity in distinct layers: module 189 and 94 dominant among deeper layers and module 134 most active in upper layers, in accordance with the later activation of module 134 among developing excitatory neurons. In contrast, cells with the greatest module 144 activity comprise almost exclusively of GABAergic cells, mirroring the enrichment of this module among inhibitory neurons in the developing human cortex.