Figure 1

Crossing procedure, appearance of 2nCOC, 2nBSB and their offspring, appearance of 2nKOC, 2nBSB and their offspring, and appearance of local diploid crucian carp. (a) 2nCOC. (b) 2nBSB. (c) 2nNCRC offspring of 2nCOC (♀) × 2nBSB (♂). (d) 2nGCOC offspring of 2nCOC (♀) × 2nBSB (♂). (e) 2nGMCC offspring of 2nCOC (♀) × 2nBSB (♂). (f) 4nCB offspring of 2nCOC (♀) × 2nBSB (♂). (g) Self-cross offspring of 2nNCRC (2nNCRC-F2). (h) Self-cross offspring of 2nNCRC-F2 (2nNCRC-F3). (i) Local diploid crucian carp (2nCRC). (j) Koi carp (2nKOC). (k) Red crucian carp-like homodiploid fish (2nNRCC). (l) Flower crucian carp-like homodiploid fish (2nNFCC). (m) Gynogenetic koi carp (2nGKOC). (n) Amplification of the head of 2nCOC (a). (o) Amplification of the head of 2nKOC (j). (p) Amplification of the head of 2nNCRC (c). (q) Amplification of the head of 2nNCRC-F2 (g). (r) Amplification of the head of 2nNCRC-F3 (h). (s) Amplification of the head of 2nCRC (i). The red arrows indicate barbels, and the blue arrows indicate barbel loss. Scale bars in a–s, 1 cm.