Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Global deregulation of ginseng products may be a safety hazard to warfarin takers: solid evidence of ginseng-warfarin interaction

Figure 5

GS dose- and time-dependent intervention on plasma warfarin concentrations. (a) One-week warfarin (0.4 mg/kg/d) plus three-week warfarin co-administered with GS (30, 100, 300 mg/kg/day) for 1, 2, or 3 weeks decreased plasma warfarin (in µg/mL) in a dose- and time-dependent manner; (b) meanwhile, the regimen increased plasmawarfarin metabolite 7-OH warfarin (in ng/mL); (c) quantitative data showed the concomitant decrease in plasma warfarin and increase in 7-OH warfarin. The blood was withdrawn from rat tail vein for UPLC-MS/MS analysis every other day. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, statistically significant differences between warfarin alone and warfarin plus GS (n = 10 per group), unless otherwise stated.

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