Figure 5

Injection of FK506 and ceramide C6 reversed fear memory impairment and the change of CaN and p-ERK induced by isoflurane. (A) Mice from all groups showed similar distance, move velocity, center and margin duration in a 5 min-open field test before fear condition training. 1.3% isoflurane exposure for 1 h significantly decreased the freezing time (%) of mice in both context and tone fear memory test, for both short term (B) and long term (C), which were rescued by FK506 injection. (D) Injection of FK506 attenuated isoflurane anesthesia-induced CaN activity increase. (E and F) Injection of ceramide C6 rescued isoflurane anesthesia-induced short-term and long-term fear memory impairment. (G) Injection of Ceramide C6 before isoflurane exposure attenuated isoflurane anesthesia-induced P-ERK decrease in hippocampus and amygdala. Air + Vehicle vs. Iso + Vehicle, ^### P < 0.001.