Figure 6

Induction of cytokine production in mouse cells by CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) developed for grouper (Epinephelus spp.) toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 s. Expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 by (A) mouse splecocytes and (B) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with 0.3 µM of the indicated CpG-ODNs for 4 h and analyzed with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Data represent means ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). **P < 0.01 compared with the control. The primers used in this study are shown in Supplementalry Table 1.