Figure 1

Color fundus photographs and Fundus fluorescein angiograms (FFA) of wild -type (WT), Kimba, Akita and Akimba mice. WT mouse showed regular arterial and venular caliber, branching, and tortuosity in the retina (A–F). Kimba mice had multiple spots of hyperfluorescein (bright spots) throughout the retina (G–L). Akita mice displayed a slight increase in tortuosity with no signs of leakage (M–R). Double transgenic Akimba mice showed vasculature abnormalities inherited from parental strains, with high severity of leakages accompanied with tortuosity and significant loss of capillary density (S–X). Relative fluorescein intensity calculated using mean grey area measurement of FFA images showed a significant increase in fluorescein leakage in Akimba mice across all photographed areas of the retina (AA–AE). n = 8 animals in each group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to WT group. Data represent mean ± SD. Scale bar, 500 µm.