Figure 7

Proposed mechanism of DK-1014 in PMA-treated lung epithelial cells and asthmatic mice. PMA activates the phosphorylation of MAPK (p38 and ERK) and AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/GSK3, which in turn AP-1 activation and eventually induces the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediators associated with inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9, and MUC5AC. Downregulation of these inflammatory mediators by DK-1014 leads to attenuation the recruitment of inflammatory cells, AHR, and the production of inflammatory cytokine and mucus in asthmatic mice (↓; activation, ⊥; inhibition).