Figure 3

ZIP13−/− cell lines have a defect in autophagy induction. (a) Western blot analysis reveals that glucose depletion induces LC3 expression. –AA, amino acid depletion; -Glu, glucose depletion. Uncropped blots are shown in Fig. S5. (b) Western blot analysis reveals that glucose depletion significantly induces LC3 expression in the ZIP13+/+ cell line compared to the ZIP13−/− cell line. Uncropped blots are shown in Fig. S6. (c,d) Real-time PCR analysis reveals that the expression levels of Map1lc3a and Map1lc3b are comparable in both cell lines under normal condition (c). However, glucose depletion-induced Map1lc3a and Map1lc3b upregulation is significantly stronger in the ZIP13+/+ compared to the ZIP13−/− cell line. The relative intensity of total LC3s was measured by ImageJ software (http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/download.html). All data in graphs represent three independent experiments.