Figure 6
From: Twist-to-bend ratio: an important selective factor for many rod-shaped biological structures
Phase field states of the simulation in terms of minimising the torsional rigidity Dz and additionally minimising the maximum flexural rigidity Dmax, (\({\sigma }_{1}={\sigma }_{3}=1,{\sigma }_{2}=0\)). (a) Initial state, (b) final state (with respect to pseudo-time t). Compared to the simulation shown in Fig. 5, merely minimising torsional rigidity, the additional minimisation of Dmax results in a markedly different shape. This gives rise to the conjecture that the minimisation of the torsional rigidity is the main driving factor for the morphology of the main load bearing tissue in non-self-supporting old stages of Condylocarpon guianense.
