Figure 8
From: Twist-to-bend ratio: an important selective factor for many rod-shaped biological structures
Phase field states of the simulation minimising the torsional rigidity Dz as well as minimum flexural rigidity Dmin and additionally maximising maximum flexural rigidity Dmax, (\({\sigma }_{1}={\sigma }_{2}=1,{\sigma }_{3}=-\,1\)), (a) Initial state, (b) final state (with respect to pseudo-time t). Compared to the simulation shown in Fig. 7, the additional maximisation of Dmax prevents the developement of the deep groove in the centre.
