Figure 4

Detection of VP3 protein-induced apoptosis in DEF cells. (A) Cell morphology and nuclear DAPI staining of DEFs transfected with pCAGGS/VP3 for 48 h. (B) TUNEL staining of pCAGGS/VP3-transfected DEFs. DEFs were transfected with pCAGGS/VP3 or pCAGGS for 48 h and observed under a 60× objective lens. Apoptotic cells are shown by the arrows. (C) TUNEL staining of DEFs infected with DHAV-1. DEFs were infected with DHAV-1 for 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h and observed under a 60× objective lens. (D) Flow cytometry results of pFAGGS/VP3-transfected DEFs and DHAV-1-infected DEFs. Scatter plot based on flow cytometry of apoptotic DEFs after transfection with pCAGGS/VP3 or pCAGGS for 48 h or after DHAV-1 infection for 96 h (a, b, c, and d are dead cells, early apoptotic cells, viable cells, and late apoptotic cells, respectively) and data analysis of the proportion of total apoptotic cells (sum of the ratio of cells in the b and d regions).