Figure 4
Effects of autophagy disruption on the expression and activity of α-amylases in mature grains of rice. (a) A photograph of the chalky grains of the Osatg7-1 mutant at a mature stage grown in the paddy field. Pictures were taken under backlighting. (b) Immunoblotting images. Whole chalky grains at a mature stage were subjected to protein analysis, followed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with specific antibodies28. Left and right parts indicate the sample of 2016 and 2017, respectively. The perfect proteins of Amy-II-3 and ONG2 were not detected (n.d.). CBB, Coomassie Brilliant Blue. W and S indicate a weak and strong chalky grain phenotype, respectively. The full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figures 2 and 3. (c) Quantitation of α-amylase expression. The amount of each α-amylase isoform in WT grains was normalized to 1. Data are means ± SD; n = 4 independent samples. *P < 0.05; significantly different from the controls. (d) Quantitation of α-amylase activity in WT and Osatg7-1 mutant grains at a mature stage. Enzyme activity was corrected by the protein content of the respective extracts. Data are means ± SD; n = 4 independent samples. **P < 0.01; significantly different from the controls.
