Figure 5
Cytokine and chemokine associations with disease stage. (a) Heat map color corresponds to the scaled Log-transformed abundance values represented along a z-scale; Log-transformed abundance values for each chemokine and cytokine were centered to 0 and the heat represents the standard deviations away from the center. The spectrum of black to purple to orange to yellow corresponds to increasing gradient of chemokine/cytokine concentrations. Positive values indicate higher expression while negative values indicate lower expression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed across samples (columns) and scaled cytokines/chemokines abundance (rows) and are ordered according to similarity of the expression profile by samples. (b,c) PCA analysis using (b) lesion type and (c) lesion ___location presented as a biplot. Each point represents a sample and is colored according to the diagnosis (b) or sample origin (c). The positions on the plot corresponds to their corresponding coordinates along PC1/PC2 axis. The arrows in (b) indicate the direction and contribution/weight of each variable (chemokine/cytokine) where longer arrows indicate higher variance and smaller cosine (angles between arrows) indicates the higher degree of correlation between variables. The arrows point in the direction of increasing concentrations.
