Table 4 Adjusted hazard ratios* for patients of different CKD stages and risk of hospitalization for infection syndrome and infection-related mortality as compared with eGFR 90–105 and aged <50 years (N = 119,871).

From: Stratified risks of infection-related hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease - A prospective cohort study

 

Stage 1 high

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Age < 50 years (n = 26,245)

Age ≥ 50 years (n = 1,768)

Age < 50 years (n = 16,491)

Age ≥ 50 years (n = 24,011)

Age < 50 years (n = 14,124)

Age ≥ 50 years (n = 31,541)

Age < 50 years (n = 209)

Age ≥ 50 years (n = 5,482)

Hospitalization for infection

All infections

Crude HR

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

1.73 (1.52–1.97)

Reference

1.66 (1.54–1.78)

0.96 (0.88–1.06)

2.72 (2.55–2.91)

3.32 (2.37–4.64)

6.84 (6.35~–7.36)

Adjusted HR

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

1.42 (1.25–1.62)

Reference

1.23 (1.14~–1.33)

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

1.70 (1.58–1.82)

2.58 (1.84–3.61)

2.83 (2.61–3.07)

Septicemia and bacteremia

Crude HR

0.76 (0.61–0.96)

2.64 (1.92–3.63)

Reference

2.50 (2.06–3.03)

1.01 (0.78–1.31)

4.47 (3.74–5.35)

5.40 (2.53–11.55)

12.38 (10.20–15.03)

Adjusted HR

0.82 (0.65–1.03)

2.10 (1.52–2.90)

Reference

1.73 (1.42–2.11)

0.99 (0.76~–1.28)

2.45 (2.03–2.96)

4.03 (1.88–8.62)

4.14 (3.36–5.10)

Lower respiratory tract+

Crude HR

0.90 (0.74–1.10)

2.55 (1.92~–3.39)

Reference

2.67 (2.26–3.16)

0.91 (0.72–1.15)

5.94 (5.08–6.94)

4.80 (2.36–9.75)

16.96 (14.38–20.01)

Adjusted HR

1.03 (0.85–1.25)

2.42 (1.82–3.23)

Reference

2.09 (1.76–2.48)

0.88 (0.69–1.11)

3.42 (2.91–4.03)

3.66 (1.80–7.43)

6.20 (5.20–7.39)

Intra-abdominal

Crude HR

0.88 (0.75–1.05)

1.24 (0.90–1.72)

Reference

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

0.91 (0.74–1.11)

1.41 (1.21–1.64)

1.34 (0.43–4.17)

2.43 (1.98–2.98)

Adjusted HR

1.01 (0.85–1.20)

1.26 (0.90–1.75)

Reference

0.93 (0.78–1.11)

0.87 (0.71–1.06)

1.03 (0.87–1.21)

1.10 (0.35–3.43)

1.29 (1.03–1.61)

Reproductive and urinary tract

Crude HR

1.30 (1.17–1.45)

1.80 (1.49–2.18)

Reference

1.46 (1.31–1.62)

0.95 (0.82–1.08)

2.21 (2.00–2.44)

4.19 (2.68–6.55)

5.75 (5.13–6.44)

Adjusted HR

1.17 (1.05–1.31)

1.24 (1.02–1.50)

Reference

0.98 (0.88–1.10)

0.99 (0.86–1.14)

1.44 (1.30–1.60)

3.46 (2.21–5.41)

2.65 (2.34–3.01)

Skin and soft tissue

Crude HR

1.04 (0.84–1.30)

1.59 (1.07–2.35)

Reference

2.11 (1.73–2.58)

1.25 (0.97–1.60)

2.97 (2.47–3.58)

2.37 (0.75–7.44)

7.17 (5.80–8.86)

Adjusted HR

1.19 (0.95–1.48)

1.36 (0.91–2.02)

Reference

1.58 (1.28–1.95)

1.17 (0.91–1.50)

1.75 (1.43–2.13)

1.82 (0.58–5.73)

2.68 (2.13–3.38)

Infection-related deaths

Crude HR

0.84 (0.19–3.75)

8.57 (1.92–38.29)

Reference

7.49 (2.30–24.42)

0.89 (0.15–5.32)

36.78 (11.77–114.92)

31.59 (3.29–303.69)

131.60 (41.87–413.65)

Adjusted HR

0.96 (0.21–4.30)

8.47 (1.88–38.10)

Reference

5.99 (1.82–19.68)

0.87 (0.14–5.18)

20.42 (6.47–64.40)

23.65 (2.46–227.68)

46.09 (14.44–147.11)

  1. *Adjusted HR for sex, BMI category, smoking, alcohol consumption, education level, diabetes (no, fasting glucose ≤130, 131–200, >200), systemic steroids use >30 days before study entry, and history of hospitalization within 6 months before hospitalization for infection syndrome.
  2. For the risk of hospitalization for all infections, the P value for test for interaction <0.001. +IncludingIncluding influenza, bacterial and viral pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and empyema.
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