Table 1 Samples analysed by GC-MS. E and D designate grid numbers at Amara West. Check mark indicates compound class was identified; Tr = trace; n = none detected; blanks indicate that the sample was not tested.

From: Bitumen from the Dead Sea in Early Iron Age Nubia

Sample number

Find number

Archaeological context

Date

Analysis

Method A - Bitumen

Method B - Lipid

Method C - Gum

Paint from palettes at Amara West

PS119

 

Magazine E13.14.1 [context 5230], walled town

c. 1200 BC

✓

n

n

PS121

 

Magazine E13.14.7 [context 5243], walled town

c. 1180 BC

✓

n

✓

PS139

F6281

Magazine E13.14.6 [context 5246], walled town

c. 1180 BC

n

n

n

PS415

F6167

Magazine E13.14.1 [context 5348], walled town

c. 1180 BC

✓

n

 

PS152

 

Magazine E13.14.61 [context 5284], walled town

c. 1250 BC

✓

n

 

PS861

F15279

House D11.2.5 [context 2772], western suburb

c. 1100 BC

Tr

n

 

PS864

F15670

House D11.2.6 [context 2738], western suburb

c. 1000 BC

Tr

n

 

PS873

F15666

House D12.12.3 [context 12346], western suburb

c. 1100–1000 BC

Tr

n

 

PS877

F15137

House D12.7.6 [context 12062], western suburb

c. 1000 BC

Tr

n

 

PS879

F15132

House D12.7.7 [context 12111], western suburb

c. 1100 BC

Tr

n

 

Black layer from coffin fragments

PS295

F9743

Tomb G244 [context 9515], Cemetery C

1250–1050 BC

✓

✓

 

PS297

F9735

Tomb G244 [context 9511], Cemetery C

1250– 1050 BC

✓

  

Friable black material from tomb

AS1941

 

Tomb G321 [context 8455], Cemetery D

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

n

 

AS1994

 

As above

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

✓

 

AS1948

 

As above

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

Tr

 

AS1949

 

As above

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

n

 

AS1932

 

As above

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

✓

 

AS1933

 

As above

c. 1190–800 BC

✓

✓