Table 2 Effects of various risk factors on hypoglycemia occurrence in 4,501 infants born at 32–36 gestational weeks.

Risk factors^a	Univariate analysis			Multivariable analysis^b
Risk factors^a	Crude odds ratio (95% CI)		P-value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)		P-value
Combination of MgSO₄ and ritodrine
MgSO₄ alone vs. no usage	0.89	(0.63–1.24)	0.489	0.81	(0.56–1.16)	0.244
Ritodrine alone vs. no usage	2.49	(2.15–2.88)	<0.001	2.58	(2.21–3.01)	<0.001
Both MgSO₄ and ritodrine vs. no usage	2.64	(2.20–3.16)	<0.001	2.59	(2.13–3.15)	<0.001
Obstetrical complications
pPROM	0.61	(0.52–0.71)	<0.001	0.72	(0.61–0.85)	<0.001
GH/PE/eclampsia/HELLP/AFLP	0.83	(0.70–0.996)	0.045	0.91	(0.74–1.12)	0.355
Placental abruption	0.83	(0.56–1.22)	0.332	0.91	(0.60–1.38)	0.670
Placenta previa/Low lying placenta	1.39	(1.09–1.78)	0.008	0.96	(0.74–1.26)	0.782
DM	1.15	(0.62–2.13)	0.649	1.62	(0.85–3.08)	0.145
GDM	1.01	(0.77–1.34)	0.937	1.14	(0.85–1.54)	0.372
Cesarean section	2.14	(1.86–2.46)	<0.001	1.96	(1.67–2.31)	<0.001
Delivery at <35 wk	1.01	(0.89–1.15)	0.898	0.95	(0.82–1.09)	0.646
Twins/triplets	1.91	(1.67–2.18)	<0.001	1.23	(1.06–1.44)	0.009
Sex: male	0.89	(0.79–1.01)	0.068	0.91	(0.80–1.04)	0.166
SGA infants	1.23	(1.02–1.48)	0.033	1.35	(1.10–1.65)	0.004
Large-for-gestational-age infants	1.14	(0.64–2.03)	0.656	1.58	(0.85–2.94)	0.146
Apgar score at 1 min <3	0.96	(0.67–1.39)	0.846	0.98	(0.66–1.45)	0.917

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MgSO₄, magnesium sulfate; pPROM, preterm premature rupture of the membranes; GH, gestational hypertension; PE, preeclampsia; HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets; AFLP, acute fatty liver of pregnancy; DM, diabetes mellitus; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; wk, gestational weeks; SGA, small-for-gestational-age; min, minute.
This analysis was performed using”Hypoglycemia set”.
^aRisk factors were determined based on both clinical relevance and univariate analysis as follows: combination of MgSO₄ and ritodrine, obstetrical complications, cesarean section, delivery at <35 wk, twins/triplets, infantile sex, SGA infants, large-for-gestational-age infants, and Apgar score at 1 min <3.
^bMultivariable analyses were performed using the same risk factors as in univariate analyses. However, birthweight was not used as a risk factor due to the close relationship with gestational weeks. In addition, the obstetric complication of TPL/shortened CL/CI was not used as a risk factor because either ritodrine or MgSO₄ was commonly used under these conditions. Excluding 57 patients with missing data for 14 variables, a total of 4,444 patients underwent multivariable analysis. Abbreviations: TPL, threatened preterm labor; CL, cervical length; CI, cervical incompetency.

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