Figure 2
From: Skewed electronic band structure induced by electric polarization in ferroelectric BaTiO3
Depth dependence of binding energies of BTO: (a) Ti-2p3/2, O-1 s, Ba-3d5/2 in 5 nm thickness, (b) valence band in 5 nm, (c) Ti-2p3/2 in 15 nm, and (d) Ti-2p3/2 in 50 nm. Plots indicate the peak energy estimated by the center position of FWHM at each emission angle. Solid and dashed red lines are obtained by a linear function fit. Green arrows show the energy shift in FEBS. Red arrows indicate the inherent direction of electric polarization. Blue arrow seen in (d) indicates the direction of electric polarization by switching induced by the applied electric field. The inset graph in (d) is the P–E loop of the 50 nm sample.
