Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants.
From: Risk factors for retinopathy in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
All patients (n = 1,255) | DR (n = 894) | Non-DR (n = 361) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | n (%) | 578 | (46.1) | 421 | (47.1) | 157 | (43.5) | 0.2472 |
Age (years) | mean (± SD) | 65.7 | (8.3) | 65.1 | (8.0) | 67.2 | (8.7) | < 0.0011 |
≤ 50 | n (%) | 59 | (4.7) | 42 | (4.7) | 17 | (4.7) | |
51–64 | n (%) | 476 | (37.9) | 369 | (41.3) | 107 | (29.6) | |
65–74 | n (%) | 531 | (42.3) | 374 | (41.8) | 157 | (43.5) | |
≥ 75 | n (%) | 189 | (15.1) | 109 | (12.2) | 80 | (22.2) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | mean (± SD) | 27.5 | (4.8) | 27.7 | (4.8) | 27.1 | (4.8) | 0.0401 |
< 25 | n (%) | 398 | (31.8) | 278 | (31.1) | 120 | (33.2) | |
> 25 | n (%) | 503 | (40.2) | 355 | (39.7) | 148 | (41.0) | |
> 30 | n (%) | 253 | (20.2) | 186 | (20.8) | 70 | (19.4) | |
> 35 | n (%) | 98 | (7.8) | 75 | (8.4) | 23 | (6.4) | |
Smoking status: | 0.0682 | |||||||
Smoker | n (%) | 108 | (8.6) | 69 | (7.7) | 39 | (10.8) | |
Non-smoker | n (%) | 748 | (59.6) | 549 | (61.4) | 199 | (55.1) | |
Ex-smoker | n (%) | 399 | (31.8) | 276 | (30.9) | 123 | (34.1) | |
Time on dialysis (months) | mean (± SD) | 8.3 | (5.9) | 8.8 | (7.2) | 6.9 | (5.9) | < 0.0011 |
Macrovascular disease | ||||||||
Previous MI | n (%) | 221 | (17.6) | 148 | (16.6) | 73 | (20.2) | 0.1232 |
Previous PTCA | n (%) | 79 | (6.3) | 50 | (5.6) | 29 | (8.0) | 0.1072 |
Previous CABG | n (%) | 100 | (8.0) | 69 | (7.7) | 31 | (8.6) | 0.6072 |
Overall-CAD (MI or PTCA or CABG) | n (%) | 290 | (23.1) | 189 | (21.1) | 101 | (28.0) | 0.0092 |
Stroke / TIA | n (%) | 224 | (17.8) | 161 | (18.0) | 63 | (17.5) | 0.8152 |
CHD | n (%) | 265 | (21.1) | 190 | (21.3) | 75 | (20.8) | 0.8512 |
Microvascular disease | ||||||||
PVD | n (%) | 560 | (44.6) | 431 | (48.2) | 129 | (35.7) | < 0.0012 |
PN | n (%) | 753 | (60.0) | 630 | (70.5) | 123 | (34.1) | < 0.0012 |
DG | n (%) | 179 | (14.3) | 152 | (17.0) | 27 | (7.5) | < 0.0012 |
NS | n (%) | 392 | (31.2) | 318 | (35.6) | 74 | (20.5) | < 0.0012 |
