Table 1 An overview of the variables of interest for the analysis.

From: The effect on clinical outcomes when targeting spinal manipulation at stiffness or pain sensitivity: a randomized trial

Variable name

Variable type

Data type

Description/transformation

Patient reported low back pain intensity/numerical rating scale [NRS]

Primary outcome

Continuous data [0:10]

The mean value of each NRS score in the low back pain rating scale (current, average and worst low back pain intensity)

Lumbar stiffness/global stiffness [GS]

Secondary outcome

Continuous data [0–∞]

The average slope of the force–displacement curve from the second lowest load to the second highest load allowed by protocol (~ 83 N) measured at each segment. For the analyses a mean sum score for all segments were applied

Pain sensitivity/pressure pain threshold [PPT]

Secondary outcome

Continuous data [0:1,000]

A mean score of the 3 trials (kPa) measured at each level, and for the analysis a mean sum score for all segments were applied