Table 1 Physical characteristics and foot morphological variables in faster and slower groups of sprinters.
From: Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters
|  | Faster sprinters (n = 28) | Slower sprinters (n = 28) | P value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Body height, cm | 175.3 ± 5.2 | 174.4 ± 4.9 | 0.540 | 0.16 |
Body weight, kg | 66.8 ± 5.7 | 64.7 ± 5.4 | 0.168 | 0.37 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.7 ± 1.4 | 21.3 ± 1.2 | 0.164 | 0.37 |
Heel to big toe, cm | 25.8 ± 0.9 | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 0.009 | 0.73 |
Heel to second toe, cm | 25.7 ± 1.0 | 26.1 ± 0.8 | 0.124 | 0.42 |
Maximum foot length, cm | 25.9 ± 0.9 | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 0.017 | 0.66 |
Foot arch height, mm | 52.3 ± 5.0 | 48.1 ± 4.3 | 0.001 | 0.91 |
Foot arch height index | 20.2 ± 1.8 | 18.2 ± 1.7 |  < 0.001 | 1.15 |
Forefoot bone length, mm | ||||
Big toe | 122.5 ± 5.9 | 122.5 ± 5.2 | 0.998 | 0.00 |
Second toe | 136.2 ± 6.5 | 135.2 ± 5.6 | 0.513 | 0.18 |
Rearfoot bone length, mm | ||||
Talus | 60.1 ± 3.6 | 60.3 ± 3.1 | 0.874 | 0.04 |
Calcaneus | 80.0 ± 4.5 | 79.8 ± 3.0 | 0.812 | 0.06 |
Rearfoot bone height, mm | ||||
Talus | 39.6 ± 2.2 | 40.1 ± 2.5 | 0.373 | 0.24 |
Calcaneus | 55.7 ± 3.0 | 52.5 ± 2.5 |  < 0.001 | 1.20 |
