Table 5 Relationships between 2-year myopic progression and potential variables.
From: Sleeping late is a risk factor for myopia development amongst school-aged children in China
Variables | Category | Sample | 24-months Progression (± SD) | Beta Coef. (SE) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residency area | Sub-urban | 4218 | − 0.89 ± 0.76 | 1 (Reference) |  |
Urban | 1087 | − 1.03 ± 0.79 | − 0.14 (0.03) | p < 0.001 | |
Age (year) | 6 | 1663 | − 0.91 ± 0.78 | 1 (Reference) |  |
7 | 2640 | − 0.91 ± 0.77 | 0.001 (0.02) | p = 0.98 | |
8 | 1002 | − 0.93 ± 0.76 | − 0.02 (0.03) | p = 0.50 | |
Gender | Male | 2818 | − 0.84 ± 0.75 | 1 (Reference) |  |
Female | 2486 | − 1.00 ± 0.79 | − 0.15 (0.02) | p < 0.001 | |
Parental myopia | 0 | 2268 | − 0.79 ± 0.70 | 1 (Reference) |  |
1 | 1798 | − 0.94 ± 0.79 | − 0.15 (0.02) | p < 0.001 | |
2 | 980 | − 1.20 ± 0.83 | − 0.41 (0.03) | p < 0.001 | |
Parent education | Lower than undergrad | 3321 | − 0.85 ± 0.76 | 1 (Reference) |  |
Undergrad | 1710 | − 1.04 ± 0.78 | − 0.19 (0.02) | p < 0.001 | |
Postgrad | 196 | − 1.05 ± 0.80 | − 0.21 (0.06) | p < 0.001 | |
Usual wake-up time | Before 6:30 a.m. | 2362 | − 0.85 ± 0.75 | 1 (Reference) |  |
6:30 to 6:59 a.m. | 1900 | − 0.94 ± 0.78 | − 0.09 (0.02) | p < 0.001 | |
7 a.m. and after | 1039 | − 1.01 ± 0.80 | − 0.12 (0.03) | p < 0.001 | |
Usual bedtime | Before 9 p.m. | 359 | − 0.85 ± 0.81 | 1 (Reference) |  |
9 to 9:29 p.m. | 2918 | − 0.87 ± 0.76 | − 0.02 (0.04) | p = 0.58 | |
9:30 p.m. and after | 2027 | − 0.98 ± 0.78 | − 0.13 (0.04) | p = 0.002 | |
Sleep duration (h) | < 9.5 | 3578 | − 0.92 ± 0.77 | 1 (Reference) |  |
≥ 9.5 and < 10 | 1167 | − 0.90 ± 0.77 | 0.02 (0.03) | p = 0.55 | |
≥ 10 | 556 | − 0.93 ± 0.79 | − 0.01 (0.04) | p = 0.76 | |
Reading time weekly total in h | 5656 | − 0.005 (0.001) | p < 0.001 | ||
Screen time weekly total in h | 5512 | 0.02 (0.003) | p < 0.001 | ||
Outdoor time weekly total in h | 5559 | 0.01 (0.003) | p < 0.001 | ||
